Respiratory Pharmacology: Bronchodilators, Cough Suppressants, and Mucolytics When the airways tighten or fill with persistent mucus, breathing becomes a struggle. Respiratory pharmacology focuses on drugs that open the airways and manage coughs effectively. In this guide, we dive into the…
The haematologic system is the body’s delivery and defense network. From transporting life-sustaining oxygen to sealing wounds through clotting, blood is vital for survival. In this guide, we explore the essential drugs that act on blood, including treatments for anaemia…
The cardiovascular system is the body’s delivery network. When things go wrong—whether it’s high blood pressure, chest pain, or irregular heartbeats—pharmacology provides the tools to restore balance. In this guide, we dive deep into Anti-hypertensives, Anti-anginals, Anti-arrhythmics, and more. 1.…
INTRODUCTION TO CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM The Central Nervous System (CNS) is the command center of the human body. Medications that act here can induce sleep, alleviate debilitating pain, or stabilize mood. In this comprehensive guide, we explore the primary classes…
Drugs Acting on the Eye Introduction: Drugs acting on the eye are used to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases of the eye and to modify ocular functions such as pupil size, accommodation, and intraocular pressure. These drugs are commonly used…
Drugs Acting on the Peripheral Nervous System Introduction: The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consists of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. It connects the central nervous system to muscles, glands, and sensory organs. Drugs acting on the peripheral nervous…
General Pharmacology Introduction to General Pharmacology: General Pharmacology is the branch of pharmacology that deals with the basic principles governing the action of drugs on the human body. It explains how drugs are administered, absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted, and…
Pathology of Blood and Urine Pathology of blood and urine helps in diagnosing a wide range of diseases. Blood contains different types of cells with specific functions, while urine reflects kidney function and metabolic status. These notes explain the roles…
Organ Function Tests: Kidney Tests, Liver Tests and Lipid Profile Organ function tests are essential diagnostic tools used to assess how well major organs like the kidney and liver are working. These tests help detect diseases early, guide treatment and…
Introduction to Biotechnology Biotechnology is one of the most rapidly growing fields in modern science. It combines biology with technology to develop products and processes that improve human health, agriculture, environment and industry. Pharmacy students must understand the basics of…