MEDICATION ERRORS AND DRUG INTERACTIONS Medication Error: Preventable mistake leading to improper medication use May result in patient harm Can occur during prescribing, dispensing, administration, or monitoring Causes of Medication Errors: Expired medicines Wrong dose or strength Incorrect timing Improper…
PHARMACOVIGILANCE Introduction to Pharmacovigilance: Science of monitoring the safety of medicines Derived from: Pharmacon (drug) + Vigilare (to keep watch) Focuses on detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse drug reactions Aims of Pharmacovigilance: Improve patient safety Enhance public health…
POISONING AND POISON INFORMATION CENTRES Definition of Poisoning: Types of Poisoning Ingested Poisoning: Inhaled Poisoning: Food Poisoning: Injected Poisoning: Insecticide Poisoning: Heavy Metal Poisoning: Narcotic Poisoning: General Treatment of Poisoning Common Antidotes: Universal Antidote: Used in general poisoning cases. Drug…
CLINICAL LABORATORY TESTS Introduction: Collection of blood, urine, or tissue samples Analysis using laboratory equipment Interpretation for disease diagnosis Types of Clinical Laboratory Tests: Haematological Tests Liver Function Tests (LFT) Renal Function Tests (RFT) Thyroid Function Tests Cardiac Tests Pulmonary…
INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL PHARMACY Definition: A branch of pharmacy concerned with patient care and rational drug use Involves active participation of pharmacists in patient treatment Focuses on individualized drug therapy It includes advising patients and optimizing therapy for better outcomes.…
APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS IN HOSPITAL PHARMACY Computers are widely used in hospital pharmacy due to increasing information needs, requirement for online prescription verification, and the need for fast and accurate data access. They help in reducing paperwork, improving efficiency, and…
RADIO PHARMACEUTICALS Radio pharmaceuticals are medicinal compounds that contain radioactive substances. The radioactive component emits radiation, while the drug component targets specific organs. They are mainly used for diagnosis and treatment of diseases by detecting tumors, organ function, and internal…
COMPOUNDING AND IV ADMIXTURES IN HOSPITALS Compounding in Hospitals: Compounding is the process in which a pharmacist mixes, combines, or modifies drug ingredients to prepare medicines according to individual patient needs. Example: Preparing dye-free medicine for allergic patients. Bulk Compounding…
DRUG DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN HOSPITAL Introduction to Drug Distribution: Drug distribution is the process of supplying medicines from the hospital pharmacy to patients. It includes storage, supply, and administration of drugs. Types of Drug Distribution System: Drug Distribution to In-Patients:…
Supply Chain and Inventory Control Introduction: Supply chain and inventory control are essential management concepts in pharmacy practice, hospital pharmacy, and pharmaceutical industries. They ensure uninterrupted availability of medicines and materials while minimizing wastage, shortages, and financial losses. An efficient…