Herbs and natural food supplements are increasingly used as health-promoting agents due to their safety, nutritional value and therapeutic benefits. These substances, also known as nutraceuticals, help prevent diseases, support immunity and improve overall well-being. Below is a brief introduction and therapeutic importance of nutraceuticals, antioxidants, probiotics, prebiotics, dietary fibres, omega-3-fatty acids, spirulina, carotenoids, soya and garlic.
1. Nutraceuticals
Definition: Nutraceuticals are food or food components that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. They help prevent chronic diseases and promote long-term wellness.
Therapeutic Applications:
- Boost immunity and energy levels
- Help in reducing cholesterol and blood sugar
- Improve digestion and metabolism
- Enhance cognitive and cardiovascular health
2. Antioxidants
Definition: Antioxidants are compounds that protect the body from oxidative stress and damage caused by free radicals.
Common Antioxidants: Vitamin C, Vitamin E, carotenoids, polyphenols.
Therapeutic Applications:
- Prevent ageing and degenerative diseases
- Reduce risk of cancer and cardiovascular disorders
- Support immune system and skin health
3. Probiotics
Definition: Probiotics are live beneficial microorganisms that improve gut flora and digestive health.
Sources: Yogurt, kefir, fermented foods, probiotic supplements.
Therapeutic Applications:
- Improve digestion and bowel function
- Reduce antibiotic-associated diarrhea
- Strengthen immunity
- Help manage irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
4. Prebiotics
Definition: Prebiotics are indigestible food components that serve as nourishment for probiotics.
Sources: Bananas, garlic, onions, whole grains, inulin-rich foods.
Therapeutic Benefits:
- Support growth of healthy gut bacteria
- Improve digestion and mineral absorption
- Help regulate blood glucose and cholesterol
5. Dietary Fibres
Definition: Fibres are plant-based carbohydrates that are not digested by the human body.
Types: Soluble fibre (oats, fruits) and insoluble fibre (whole grains, vegetables).
Therapeutic Uses:
- Promote bowel movement and prevent constipation
- Lower cholesterol and regulate blood sugar
- Support weight management
- Reduce risk of colon cancer
6. Omega-3-Fatty Acids
Sources: Fish oil, flaxseed oil, chia seeds, walnuts, algae-based supplements.
Therapeutic Applications:
- Support heart health by reducing triglycerides
- Anti-inflammatory action helps arthritis patients
- Essential for brain development and cognitive function
- Lower risk of depression and anxiety
7. Spirulina
Definition: Spirulina is a blue-green algae rich in proteins, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.
Therapeutic Benefits:
- Improves immunity and fights fatigue
- Rich in iron: helps in anemia
- Detoxifies the body
- Promotes weight loss and metabolic health
8. Carotenoids
Definition: Carotenoids are natural pigments found in orange, yellow and red fruits and vegetables.
Types: Beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin.
Therapeutic Uses:
- Support eye health and prevent macular degeneration
- Act as powerful antioxidants
- Reduce risk of certain cancers
- Promote healthy skin
9. Soya
Sources: Soybeans, tofu, soy milk, soy protein.
Key Components: Isoflavones, proteins, lecithin, fibre.
Therapeutic Applications:
- Reduces LDL cholesterol
- Helps in managing menopause symptoms
- Supports muscle growth and metabolic health
- Good plant-based protein for vegetarians
10. Garlic
Biological Source: Bulbs of Allium sativum.
Main Constituents: Allicin, sulfur compounds, flavonoids.
Therapeutic Applications:
- Reduces cholesterol and blood pressure
- Antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity
- Boosts immunity
- Improves digestion and detoxification
