POWDERS AND GRANULES IN PHARMACEUTICS
Powders and granules are common solid dosage forms used directly or as intermediates for tablets and capsules. They are simple, stable, and easy to prepare.
Pharmaceutical Powders
Powders are dry, finely divided solid particles that may contain one or more active ingredients mixed with excipients. They can be used internally or externally.
Characteristics
- Dry and free-flowing
- Easily mixed with other ingredients
- Provide rapid drug absorption
- Suitable for patients who cannot swallow tablets
Types of Powders
Insufflations
Medicated powders blown into body cavities like nose, throat, or ear. They must be very fine and often sterile.
- Applied using insufflator
- Used for local action
- Sterile for ENT use
Dusting Powders
External powders used on skin to protect, absorb moisture, and reduce friction.
- Used externally only
- Very fine and smooth
- Packed in sifter containers
- Free from harmful microbes
Effervescent Powders
Release CO₂ when mixed with water due to reaction between acids and bicarbonates.
- Produce fizzy solution
- Improve taste
- Rapid absorption
- Require airtight storage
Effervescent Granules
Granulated form of effervescent powders with better stability and handling.
- Less dusty
- More stable
- Better flow properties
- Pleasant taste
Pharmaceutical Granules
Granules are aggregates of powder particles with improved flow, reduced dusting, and better stability.
Advantages
- Better flow than powders
- Less dust formation
- Reduced segregation
- Improved stability
Packaging
- Sachets
- Wide-mouth containers
- Sifter-top containers
- Airtight containers for effervescent products
Summary
Powders and granules are simple and versatile dosage forms widely used in pharmaceutics due to their stability, ease of preparation, and flexibility in formulation.
